Tuberculosis after TB Preventive Therapy in Persons Living with HIV Recently Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy, Mozambique

TL;DR

This study shows that completing TB preventive therapy significantly reduces the risk of TB in HIV patients starting antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique.

Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of completed TB preventive therapy in reducing TB incidence among HIV patients.

Findings

TB diagnosis rates were 3.1 per 1,000 person-years for those who completed TB preventive therapy.

TB rates were 11.0 per 1,000 person-years for those with incomplete therapy and 21.6 for those who did not start.

Completing TB preventive therapy was associated with a significantly lower TB risk compared to incomplete or no therapy.

Abstract

We investigated tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses among persons living with HIV recently initiated on antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique during 2021–2024 (N = 341,844). TB diagnosis rates were lower among those who completed TB preventive therapy (3.1/1,000 person-years) compared with those who had an incomplete course (11.0/1,000 person-years) or did not start (21.6/1,000 person-years).