# Tuberculosis after TB Preventive Therapy in Persons Living with HIV Recently Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy, Mozambique

## TL;DR

This study shows that completing TB preventive therapy significantly reduces the risk of TB in HIV patients starting antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique.

## Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of completed TB preventive therapy in reducing TB incidence among HIV patients.

## Key findings

- TB diagnosis rates were 3.1 per 1,000 person-years for those who completed TB preventive therapy.
- TB rates were 11.0 per 1,000 person-years for those with incomplete therapy and 21.6 for those who did not start.
- Completing TB preventive therapy was associated with a significantly lower TB risk compared to incomplete or no therapy.

## Abstract

We investigated tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses among persons living with HIV recently initiated on antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique during 2021–2024 (N = 341,844). TB diagnosis rates were lower among those who completed TB preventive therapy (3.1/1,000 person-years) compared with those who had an incomplete course (11.0/1,000 person-years) or did not start (21.6/1,000 person-years).