Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in an 11-month-old girl: a case report

TL;DR

A rare case of vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant is reported, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Contribution

This case report highlights the successful treatment of a rare primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant using surgery and PEB chemotherapy.

Findings

The tumor was initially misdiagnosed as a hematoma but was confirmed as a yolk sac tumor through pathological examination.

Hysteroscopic resection combined with PEB chemotherapy led to no recurrence during a 12-month follow-up.

The case underscores the need to consider yolk sac tumors in the differential diagnosis of unexplained vaginal masses in infants.

Abstract

Extragonadal yolk sac tumors are exceedingly rare. This report describes a vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant to highlight key diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and its inclusion in the differential diagnoses of unexplained vaginal masses.

An 11-month-old girl presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, initially misdiagnosed as a hematoma. Pathological examination confirmed yolk sac tumors. She underwent hysteroscopic resection and six cycles of PEB (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) chemotherapy. No recurrence occurred during the 12-month follow-up.

Primary vaginal yolk sac tumors are extremely rare and lack standardized treatment. Surgery combined with PEB chemotherapy proved effective in this case.

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