# Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in an 11-month-old girl: a case report

## TL;DR

A rare case of vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant is reported, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the successful treatment of a rare primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant using surgery and PEB chemotherapy.

## Key findings

- The tumor was initially misdiagnosed as a hematoma but was confirmed as a yolk sac tumor through pathological examination.
- Hysteroscopic resection combined with PEB chemotherapy led to no recurrence during a 12-month follow-up.
- The case underscores the need to consider yolk sac tumors in the differential diagnosis of unexplained vaginal masses in infants.

## Abstract

Extragonadal yolk sac tumors are exceedingly rare. This report describes a vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant to highlight key diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and its inclusion in the differential diagnoses of unexplained vaginal masses.

An 11-month-old girl presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, initially misdiagnosed as a hematoma. Pathological examination confirmed yolk sac tumors. She underwent hysteroscopic resection and six cycles of PEB (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) chemotherapy. No recurrence occurred during the 12-month follow-up.

Primary vaginal yolk sac tumors are extremely rare and lack standardized treatment. Surgery combined with PEB chemotherapy proved effective in this case.