Retracted
This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
PMC · DOI:10.1186/s13578-025-01528-1·January 22, 2026
Retraction Note: Glioblastoma stem cell (GSC)-derived PD-L1-containing exosomes activates AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy to increase temozolomide-resistance in glioblastoma
Yong Zheng, Liang Liu, Yan Wang, Shan Xiao, Rongkang Mai, Zifeng Zhu, Yiyao Cao
Abstract
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Taxonomy
TopicsExtracellular vesicles in disease · Autophagy in Disease and Therapy · Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy