# Retraction Note: Glioblastoma stem cell (GSC)-derived PD-L1-containing exosomes activates AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy to increase temozolomide-resistance in glioblastoma

**Authors:** Yong Zheng, Liang Liu, Yan Wang, Shan Xiao, Rongkang Mai, Zifeng Zhu, Yiyao Cao

PMC · DOI: 10.1186/s13578-025-01528-1 · 2026-01-22

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 8408] {aka ATG1, ATG1A, UNC51, Unc51.1, hATG1}, PRKAA1 (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1) [NCBI Gene 5562] {aka AMPK, AMPK alpha 1, AMPKa1}, CD274 (CD274 molecule) [NCBI Gene 29126] {aka ADMIO5, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1}
- **Diseases:** Glioblastoma (MESH:D005909)
- **Chemicals:** temozolomide (MESH:D000077204)

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12825171