Primary Middle Mediastinal Hydatid Cyst in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Review

TL;DR

A rare case of a hydatid cyst in a child's chest is reported, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on pediatric mediastinal hydatid cysts and emphasizes diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Findings

A four-year-old girl was diagnosed with a middle mediastinal hydatid cyst causing respiratory and vascular compression.

Surgical excision combined with antihelmintic therapy led to a favorable recovery in the patient.

Mediastinal hydatid cysts are rare in children but should be considered in endemic regions for timely management.

Abstract

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus species. Mediastinal involvement is rare, especially in children. We report a case of a four-year and eight-month-old girl who presented with progressive shortness of breath, cyanosis, and weight loss over two months. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the middle mediastinum, compressing the trachea and superior vena cava. Surgical excision confirmed a hydatid cyst, and postoperatively, the patient received antihelmintic therapy with a favorable recovery. Mediastinal hydatid cysts are rare but should be considered in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes.

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