# Primary Middle Mediastinal Hydatid Cyst in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Review

## TL;DR

A rare case of a hydatid cyst in a child's chest is reported, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on pediatric mediastinal hydatid cysts and emphasizes diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

## Key findings

- A four-year-old girl was diagnosed with a middle mediastinal hydatid cyst causing respiratory and vascular compression.
- Surgical excision combined with antihelmintic therapy led to a favorable recovery in the patient.
- Mediastinal hydatid cysts are rare in children but should be considered in endemic regions for timely management.

## Abstract

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus species. Mediastinal involvement is rare, especially in children. We report a case of a four-year and eight-month-old girl who presented with progressive shortness of breath, cyanosis, and weight loss over two months. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the middle mediastinum, compressing the trachea and superior vena cava. Surgical excision confirmed a hydatid cyst, and postoperatively, the patient received antihelmintic therapy with a favorable recovery. Mediastinal hydatid cysts are rare but should be considered in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes.