This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
Retraction Note: Investigating the association of informal digital learning of English with EFL learners’ intercultural competence and willingness to communicate: a SEM study
Afsheen Rezai
Abstract
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Taxonomy
TopicsSecond Language Learning and Teaching
BMC Psychology (2023) 11:314
10.1186/s40359-023-01365-2
The editor and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation’s findings the editor therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.
Author Afsheen Rezai disagrees with this retraction.