Cystinuria-Related Urinary Stone as the Cause of Repeated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in a Child

TL;DR

A four-year-old child with repeated urinary tract infections was found to have a bladder stone caused by cystinuria, highlighting the need for thorough evaluation in pediatric UTI cases.

Contribution

This case report highlights cystinuria-related urolithiasis as a rare but important cause of recurrent UTIs in children.

Findings

A 4.4 cm bladder stone was diagnosed in a child with recurrent UTIs.

The UTIs were caused by Enterococcus faecalis and linked to cystinuria-related urolithiasis.

The case underscores the importance of clinical and radiographical evaluation in recurrent pediatric UTIs.

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children and are associated with both acute and long-term complications. Most UTIs typically resolve after antibiotic treatment. However, UTIs may be the initial clinical manifestation of a potential congenital anomaly of the kidneys and the urinary tract (CAKUT) or may indicate the presence of a renal stone. Especially in pediatric patients presenting with early and recurrent episodes of UTIs, a thorough clinical and radiographical evaluation is warranted.

Our manuscript presents a case of a four-year-old male patient diagnosed with a 4.4 cm-diameter stone in his bladder. The patient was investigated for recurrent Enterococcus faecalis lower UTIs and was finally diagnosed with cystinuria-related urolithiasis.

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