# Cystinuria-Related Urinary Stone as the Cause of Repeated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in a Child

## TL;DR

A four-year-old child with repeated urinary tract infections was found to have a bladder stone caused by cystinuria, highlighting the need for thorough evaluation in pediatric UTI cases.

## Contribution

This case report highlights cystinuria-related urolithiasis as a rare but important cause of recurrent UTIs in children.

## Key findings

- A 4.4 cm bladder stone was diagnosed in a child with recurrent UTIs.
- The UTIs were caused by Enterococcus faecalis and linked to cystinuria-related urolithiasis.
- The case underscores the importance of clinical and radiographical evaluation in recurrent pediatric UTIs.

## Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children and are associated with both acute and long-term complications. Most UTIs typically resolve after antibiotic treatment. However, UTIs may be the initial clinical manifestation of a potential congenital anomaly of the kidneys and the urinary tract (CAKUT) or may indicate the presence of a renal stone. Especially in pediatric patients presenting with early and recurrent episodes of UTIs, a thorough clinical and radiographical evaluation is warranted.

Our manuscript presents a case of a four-year-old male patient diagnosed with a 4.4 cm-diameter stone in his bladder. The patient was investigated for recurrent Enterococcus faecalis lower UTIs and was finally diagnosed with cystinuria-related urolithiasis.