Multiphysics simulation of the aspherical deformation of piezo-glass membrane lenses including hysteresis, fabrication and non-linear effects

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive non-linear simulation of aspherical piezo-glass membrane lenses, incorporating hysteresis, fabrication effects, and non-linear behaviors, validated through experimental fabrication and measurement.

Contribution

The study introduces a detailed FEM model that includes hysteresis, creep, and fabrication parameters, validated by experimental data, advancing the simulation accuracy of adaptive piezo lenses.

Findings

Good agreement between simulation and measurements.

Geometry significantly affects electric response and focal power range.

Focal power range increased from ±4.5 to ±9 m^{-1} with aperture change.

Abstract

In this paper we present and verify the non-linear simulation of an aspherical adaptive lens based on a piezo-glass sandwich membrane with combined bending and buckling actuation. To predict the full non-linear piezoelectric behavior, we measured the non-linear charge coefficient, hysteresis and creep effects of the piezo material and inserted them into the FEM model using a virtual electric field. We further included and discussed the fabrication parameters -- glue layers and thermal stress -- and their variations. To verify our simulations, we fabricated and measured a set of lenses with different geometries, where we found good agreement and show that their qualitative behavior is also well described by a simple analytical model. We finally discuss the effects of the geometry on the electric response and find, e.g., an increased focal power range from $\pm 4.5$ to $\pm 9\, \mathrm{m}^{-1}$ when changing the aperture from $14$ to $10\, \mathrm{mm}$.