A Representation of Real and Complex Numbers in Quantum Theory

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel quantum-theoretic framework representing real and complex numbers as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of quantum states of qubits, integrating quantum states with number theory.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum representation of real and complex numbers using Cauchy sequences of qubit states, expanding the connection between quantum states and number systems.

Findings

Quantum equivalence classes are larger but do not create new classes.

Sequences can be entangled superpositions representing real numbers.

Construction does not rely on classical real or complex number bases.

Abstract

A quantum theoretic representation of real and complex numbers is described here as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of quantum states of finite strings of qubits. There are 4 types of qubits each with associated single qubit annihilation creation (a-c) operators that give the state and location of each qubit type on a 2 dimensional integer lattice. The string states, defined as finite products of creation operators acting on the qubit vacuum state correspond to complex rational numbers with real and imaginary components. These states span a Fock space. Arithmetic relations and operations are defined for the string states. Cauchy sequences of these states are defined, and the arithmetic relations and operations lifted to apply to these sequences. Based on these, equivalence classes of these sequences are seen to have the requisite properties of real and complex numbers. The representations have some interesting aspects. Quantum equivalence classes are larger than their corresponding classical classes, but no new classes are created. There exist Cauchy sequences such that each state in the sequence is an entangled superposition of the real and imaginary components, yet the sequence is a real number. Also, except for coefficients of superposition states, the construction is done with no reference to the real and complex number base, R and C, of the Fock space.