Some Novel Thought Experiments Involving Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information

TL;DR

This thesis introduces novel thought experiments to distinguish quantum theories at the individual level, and proposes advanced quantum communication schemes with improved information rates and complete wave function teleportation capabilities.

Contribution

It presents new thought experiments differentiating quantum theories and innovative quantum communication protocols utilizing entangled states with enhanced performance.

Findings

Distinguishes standard and Bohmian quantum mechanics at the individual particle level.

Proposes dense coding scheme with higher classical information gain.

Develops a teleportation scheme for complete wave function transfer in three dimensions.

Abstract

In this thesis, we have proposed some novel thought experiments involving foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory, using quantum entanglement property. Concerning foundations of quantum mechanics, we have suggested some typical systems including two correlated particles which can distinguish between the two famous theories of quantum mechanics, i.e. the standard and Bohmian quantum mechanics, at the individual level of pair of particles. Meantime, the two theories present the same predictions at the ensemble level of particles. Regarding quantum information theory, two theoretical quantum communication schemes including quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation schemes have been proposed by using entangled spatial states of two EPR particles shared between two parties. It is shown that the rate of classical information gain in our dense coding scheme is greater than some previously proposed multi-qubit protocols by a logarithmic factor dependent on the dimension of Hilbert space. The proposed teleportation scheme can provide a complete wave function teleportation of an object having other degrees of freedom in our three-dimensional space, for the first time. All required unitary operators which are necessary in our state preparation and Bell state measurement processes are designed using symmetric normalized Hadamard matrix, some basic gates and one typical conditional gate, which are introduced here for the first time.