From a toy model to the double square root voting system

TL;DR

This paper explores a voting system based on Penrose's law, proposing a double square root voting method that balances voting power and weight, with analytical and numerical methods for optimal quota determination.

Contribution

It introduces a simple, efficient, and adaptable voting system derived from a toy model, enabling easy calculation of quotas for various configurations.

Findings

Optimal quota can be estimated analytically for toy models.

The system ensures voting power is proportional to weights.

Designs a flexible voting method adaptable to different weights and sizes.

Abstract

We investigate systems of indirect voting based on the law of Penrose, in which each representative in the voting body receives the number of votes (voting weight) proportional to the square root of the population he or she represents. For a generic population distribution the quota required for the qualified majority can be set in such a way that the voting power of any state is proportional to its weight. For a specific distribution of population the optimal quota has to be computed numerically. We analyse a toy voting model for which the optimal quota can be estimated analytically as a function of the number of members of the voting body. This result, combined with the normal approximation technique, allows us to design a simple, efficient, and flexible voting system which can be easily adopted for varying weights and number of players.