Evidences for and the models of self-similar skeletal structures in fusion devices, severe weather phenomena and space

TL;DR

This paper reviews evidence for self-similar skeletal structures across scales in fusion devices, weather, and space, proposing models involving fractal condensed matter to explain their formation and role in phenomena like tornadoes and ball lightning.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of universal skeletal structures and models them as fractal condensed matter, linking these structures to various natural phenomena across different scales.

Findings

Evidence of self-similar skeletal structures in diverse phenomena

Proposed models based on fractal condensed matter (FCM)

Potential role of FCM in tornadoes, ball lightning, waterspouts

Abstract

The paper briefly reviews (i) the evidences for self-similar structures of a skeletal form (namely, tubules and cartwheels, and their simplest combinations), called the Universal Skeletal Structures (USS), observed in the range 10-5 cm - 1023 cm. in the high-current electric discharges in various fusion devices, severe weather phenomena, and space, (ii) the models for interpreting the phenomenon of skeletal structures, including the hypothesis for a fractal condensed matter (FCM), assembled from nanotubular dust, and (iii) probable role of FCM, which might be responsible for the USS phenomenon, in tornado, ball lightning, and waterspout.