Theoretical, Numerical, and Experimental Evidence of Superluminal Electromagnetic and Gravitational Fields Generated in the Nearfield of Dipole Sources

TL;DR

This paper presents theoretical, numerical, and experimental evidence that certain electromagnetic and gravitational fields generated near dipole sources propagate superluminally, challenging conventional understanding of signal speed and causality.

Contribution

It provides the first combined theoretical, numerical, and experimental demonstration of superluminal nearfield propagation in electromagnetic and gravitational fields.

Findings

Longitudinal electric and transverse magnetic fields propagate superluminally near the source.

Transverse electric fields are created outside the source and also propagate superluminally.

Experimental verification confirms the superluminal behavior of the transverse electric field.

Abstract

Theoretical and numerical wave propagation analysis of an oscillating electric dipole is presented. The results show that upon creation at the source, both the longitudinal electric and transverse magnetic fields propagate superluminally and reduce to the speed of light as they propagate about one wavelength from the source. In contrast, the transverse electric field is shown to be created about 1/4 wavelength outside the source and launches superluminal fields both towards and away from the source which reduce to the speed of light as the field propagates about one wavelength from the source. An experiment using simple dipole antennas is shown to verify the predicted superluminal transverse electric field behavior. In addition, it is shown that the fields generated by a gravitational source propagate superluminally and can be modeled using quadrapole electrodynamic theory. The phase speed, group speed, and information speed of these systems are compared and shown to differ. Provided the noise of a signal is small and the modulation method is known, it is shown that the information speed can be approximately the same as the superluminal group speed. According to relativity theory, it is known that between moving reference frames, superluminal signals can propagate backwards in time enabling violations of causality. Several explanations are presented which may resolve this dilemma.