The novel aspect of hydrogen atom: the fine structure and spin can be derived by single component wavefunction

TL;DR

This paper derives hydrogen's fine structure and electron spin using a single component wavefunction, offering a novel perspective that differs from traditional Dirac equation approaches.

Contribution

It introduces a new method to calculate hydrogen's fine structure and spin without the Dirac equation, revealing spin as a form of orbital motion.

Findings

Energy levels match Dirac's results

Wavefunction is single component, unlike Dirac's four components

Electronic spin is interpreted as orbital motion

Abstract

The fine structure of hydrogen energy was calculated by using the usual momentum-wavefunction relation directly, rather than establishing the well-known Dirac wave equation. As the results, the energy levels are completely the same as that of the Dirac wave equation, while the wavefunction is single component that is quite different from Dirac's four component wavefunction, the most important thing is that the present calculation brings out electronic spin in a new way which has never been reported and indicates that the electronic spin is a kind of orbital motion.