The boundary and continual transfer phenomena in fluids and flows

TL;DR

This paper explores the wave nature of energy and mass transfer in fluids, providing a new quantitative measure for transfer process intensities under non-equilibrium and heterogeneous conditions, extending classical theories.

Contribution

It introduces a new expression for estimating transfer process intensities in non-stationary, non-equilibrium fluid conditions, expanding beyond classical homogeneous models.

Findings

Temperature drops lead to fluid stratification and flow formation.

Classical expressions are valid only for equilibrium, homogeneous conditions.

New expression allows quantitative assessment in real-world, non-stationary scenarios.

Abstract

The clearing up of a wave nature of the energy and mass transfer phenomena in classical expressions of the molecular-kinetic theory has allowed to find a quantitative measure of intensity of processes of a thermal conductivity, viscosity and diffusion in conditions of a thermally nonequilibrium and heterogeneous composition continuum. It is rotined that the appearance of a temperature drop in fluid stipulates the appearance of the continuum stratification and formation of the flowing bodies interacting among themselves. It is rotined that the known expressions for a thermal conductivity, viscosity, diffusion and heat convection had been obtained for a thermally equilibrium and homogeneous continuum and produce a maximum quantity of intensity of the transfer processes. The introduced expression is usable for a quantitative estimation of intensity of the transfer processes in fluid and its streams in conditions of the non-stationary heat exchange in natural conditions and technical problems.