Toroidal configuration of the orbit of the electron of the hydrogen atom under strong external magnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of the hydrogen atom's electron in extremely strong magnetic fields, revealing a toroidal charge distribution that supports the concept of magnecules, with implications for advanced magnetic field applications.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the hydrogen atom in ultra-strong magnetic fields, demonstrating a toroidal electron distribution and calculating the effective potential in the adiabatic approximation.

Findings

Electron charge distribution becomes toroidal in strong magnetic fields

Effective potential remains finite at the origin in the adiabatic approximation

Supports the concept of magnecules in highly magnetized atoms

Abstract

In this paper we overview some results on the hydrogen atom in external static uniform magnetic fields. We focus on the case of very strong magnetic field, B>>B_0=2.3x10^9 Gauss, use various approximate models and, particularly, in the adiabatic approximation have calculated exactly the integral defining the effective potential. This potential appears to be finite at z=0. Our consideration of the problem of highly magnetized atoms and molecules is motivated by the recently developed MagneGas technology by Santilli (http://www.magnegas.com). The ground state electron charge distribution of the hydrogen atom in an intense magnetic field is of a toroidal form, in agreement with that studied by Santilli. This physical picture is at the foundation of the new chemical species of magnecules proposed by Santilli.