The Wavefront Control System for the National Ignition Facility

TL;DR

The paper describes the design and implementation of a wavefront control system for the NIF, achieving precise beam alignment and correction of aberrations using adaptive optics in a complex, high-power laser environment.

Contribution

It introduces a distributed real-time control system with adaptive optics algorithms for precise wavefront correction in the NIF laser beams.

Findings

Achieved a closed-loop residual error of 0.03 waves rms.

Successfully controlled 8 beams with a single processor pair.

Demonstrated real-time correction at 10 Hz for high-power laser beams.

Abstract

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) requires that pulses from each of the 192 laser beams be positioned on target with an accuracy of 50 um rms. Beam quality must be sufficient to focus a total of 1.8 MJ of 0.351-um light into a 600-um-diameter volume. An optimally flat beam wavefront can achieve this pointing and focusing accuracy. The control system corrects wavefront aberrations by performing closed-loop compensation during laser alignment to correct for gas density variations. Static compensation of flashlamp-induced thermal distortion is established just prior to the laser shot. The control system compensates each laser beam at 10 Hz by measuring the wavefront with a 77-lenslet Hartmann sensor and applying corrections with a 39-actuator deformable mirror. The distributed architecture utilizes SPARC AXi computers running Solaris to perform real-time image processing of sensor data and PowerPC-based computers running VxWorks to compute mirror commands. A single pair of SPARC and PowerPC processors accomplishes wavefront control for a group of eight beams. The software design uses proven adaptive optic control algorithms that are implemented in a multi-tasking environment to economically control the beam wavefronts in parallel. Prototype tests have achieved a closed-loop residual error of 0.03 waves rms.