The cyclic universe

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cyclic universe model involving multiple phase transitions, brane interactions, and fractionalization, providing a comprehensive framework that explains cosmic evolution, particle masses, and universe cycles.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cyclic universe model with detailed brane interactions and fractionalization processes, extending previous ekpyrotic and pyrotechnic models.

Findings

Description of six universe transitions including inflation and big bang

Mechanism for particle mass calculations based on brane interactions

A cyclic process of universe expansion, contraction, and fractionalization

Abstract

The cyclic universe model is a modification of the ekpyrotic universe and the pyrotechnic universe models. The cyclic universe goes through the six transitions: the triplet universe, the inflation, the big bang, the quintessence, the big crush, and the deflation transitions. The universe starts with eleven dimensional space-time with two boundary 9-branes separated by a finite gap spanning an intervening bulk volume. The triplet transition starts when the bulk 9-brane is generated from the hidden boundary 9-brane, and collides with the pre-observable 9-brane. The collision starts the inflation transition. The collision is the brane dimensional interference mixing between the pre-observable 9-brane and the bulk 9-brane. The results are the mixed branes (combined brane dimensions), the internal space (cancelled brane dimensions), the bulk space, 3-brane vacuum, and cosmic radiation. Cosmic radiation generated during the inflation leads to the big bang. Meanwhile, the hidden brane undergoes stepwise fractionalization, changing in stepwise manner from 9-brane to 3-brane. The observable universe expands in a constant rate until the quintessence transition. Afterward, there are the big crush transition (the reverse of the big bang) and the deflation (the reverse of the inflation). The cosmic cycle of the fractionalization and condensation starts over again. The masses of all elementary particles and hadrons can be calculated.