Bremsstrahlung out of the Quark-Gluon Plasma

TL;DR

This paper systematically studies bremsstrahlung photon production in the quark-gluon plasma during heavy ion collisions, showing it significantly enhances photon yields and impacts initial temperature estimates, with implications for future collider experiments.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of bremsstrahlung processes in thermal QCD and their effect on photon spectra within a hydrodynamical model, highlighting their importance in interpreting experimental data.

Findings

Bremsstrahlung processes increase photon yield by about an order of magnitude.

Bremsstrahlung affects initial temperature estimates by 15-20 MeV.

The study offers insights for upcoming RHIC and LHC experiments.

Abstract

A systematic investigation of hard thermal photon spectra from central ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented with emphasis on the effects of bremsstrahlung processes in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Bremsstrahlung photon production in the quark-gluon plasma has recently been considered within the Braaten-Pisarski method in thermal QCD, where rates have been found that exhibit the same order in the coupling constants as those describing the lowest order processes, Compton scattering and q\bar{q}-annihilation. The impact of these bremsstrahlung photon production rates on the thermal photon spectra is studied systematically within a simple, well understood one-fluid hydrodynamical model that describes an only longitudinally expanding fireball (1+1 Bjorken scaling hydrodynamics). It is found that the bremsstrahlung processes enhance the thermal photon yield from the QGP by about one order of magnitude over the complete considered p_{\perp}-range independent of the choice of the model parameters. Experimental upper limits on direct photon production in fixed target 200 A GeV S + Au collisions at the CERN SPS are also considered and used to extract upper limits for the initial temperature of the QGP, where the QGP bremsstrahlung processes are found to make a difference of about 15 to 20 MeV depending on the temperature at which the phase transition is assumed. In comparison with other theoretical studies, the importance of reaction features not described in the simple model are estimated and interesting elements for a future extension of this systematic investigation are identified, which will be of great interest in prospect of the upcoming experiments at the BNL RHIC and the CERN LHC.