Neutron-Proton pairing revisited

TL;DR

This paper reexamines neutron-proton pairing in nuclei, highlighting its near-universal presence and proposing that density functional theory extensions, including angular momentum projection, are needed to explain the observed binding energy enhancements.

Contribution

It challenges the adequacy of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory for neutron-proton pairing and suggests extending DFT with angular momentum projection to better understand the phenomenon.

Findings

Neutron-proton pairing is nearly universal across nuclei.

The increased binding energy can be partly explained by recoupling energy.

Standard HFB theory does not fully account for the effect.

Abstract

We reexamine neutron-proton pairing as a phenomenon that should be explanable in a microscopic theory of nuclear binding energies. Empirically, there is an increased separation energy when both neutron and proton numbers are even or if they are both odd. The enhancement is present at some level in nearly all nuclei: the separation energy difference has the opposite sign in less than 1% of the cases in which sufficient data exist. We discuss the possible origin of the effect in the context of density functional theory (DFT) and its extensions. Neutron-proton pairing from the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory does not seem promising to explain the effect. We demonstrate that much of the increased binding in the odd-odd system might be understood as a recoupling energy. This suggests that the DFT should be extended by angular momentum projection to describe the effect.