A New Family of Simple Solutions of Perfect Fluid Hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new family of explicit, accelerating solutions to relativistic hydrodynamics that generalize the Hwa-Bjorken solution, accounting for work done by fluid elements and applicable in multiple spatial dimensions, with applications in heavy ion collision analysis.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel class of exact, accelerating solutions to relativistic hydrodynamics that extend previous models to multiple dimensions and include work interactions.

Findings

New solutions generalize the Hwa-Bjorken model.

Solutions applicable in arbitrary spatial dimensions.

Enhanced estimates of energy density and reaction lifetime.

Abstract

A new class of accelerating, exact and explicit solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics is found - more than 50 years after the previous similar result, the Landau-Khalatnikov solution. Surprisingly, the new solutions have a simple form, that generalizes the renowned, but accelerationless, Hwa-Bjorken solution. These new solutions take into account the work done by the fluid elements on each other, and work not only in one temporal and one spatial dimensions, but also in arbitrary number of spatial dimensions. They are applied here for an advanced estimation of initial energy density and life-time of the reaction in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions.