IBM-2 configuration mixing and its geometric interpretation for germanium isotopes

TL;DR

This paper uses IBM-2 with configuration mixing to analyze germanium isotopes, successfully reproducing experimental data and providing a geometric interpretation related to nuclear shape transitions around neutron number N=40.

Contribution

It introduces a geometric interpretation of IBM-2 with configuration mixing for germanium isotopes, linking energy surfaces to nuclear deformation parameters.

Findings

Reproduces experimental data for germanium isotopes including neutron-rich ones.

Identifies shape transition around neutron number N=40.

Provides a geometric interpretation of the IBM-2 model.

Abstract

The low-energy spectra, electric quadrupole transitions and moments for the germanium isotopes are studied in the formalism of the IBM-2 with configuration mixing. The calculated observables reproduce well the available experimental information, including the newly obtained data for radioactive neutron-rich 78, 80, 82 Ge isotopes. A geometric interpretation of the model was established using a matrix formulation. The two energy surfaces determined after mixing carry information about the deformation parameters of the nucleus. Tor the even-even Ge isotopes the results are consistent with the shape transition that takes place around neutron number N=40.