Design Constraints for a WIMP Dark Matter and pp Solar Neutrino Liquid Neon Scintillation Detector

TL;DR

This paper evaluates a liquid neon scintillation detector's performance for dark matter and solar neutrino detection, demonstrating improved resolution and sensitivity through advanced simulation and calibration techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a maximum-likelihood event vertex fitter and assesses detector design parameters for optimal sensitivity to WIMPs and solar neutrinos.

Findings

Achieves ~13 keV energy threshold with 300 cm radius detector

Limits on WIMP-nucleon cross-section of ~10^{-46} cm^2 at 100 GeV

Provides calibration strategies for internal radioactivity and krypton-85

Abstract

Detailed Monte-Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the performance of a liquid neon scintillation detector for dark matter and low-energy solar neutrino interactions. A maximum-likelihood event vertex fitter including PMT time information was developed, which significantly improves position resolution over spatial-only algorithms, and substantially decreases the required detector size and achievable analysis energy threshold. The ultimate sensitivity to WIMP dark matter and the pp flux uncertainty are evaluated as a function of detector size. The dependence on the neon scintillation and PMT properties are evaluated. A 300 cm radius detector would allow a ~13 keV threshold, a pp flux uncertainty of ~1%, and limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-section of ~10^{-46} cm^2 for a 100 GeV WIMP, using commercially available PMTs. Detector response calibration and background requirements for a precision pp measurement are defined. Internal radioactivity requirements for uranium, thorium, and krypton are specified, and it is shown that the PMT data could be used for an in-situ calibration of the troublesome krypton-85. A set of measurements of neon scintillation properties and PMT characteristics are outlined which will be needed in order to evaluate feasibility and fully optimize the design of a neon-based detector.