Exactly-solvable Ising-Heisenberg model for the coupled barotropic fluid - rotating solid sphere system - condensation of super and sub-rotating barotropic flow states

TL;DR

This paper presents exact solutions for a coupled Ising-Heisenberg spin-lattice model describing barotropic flow on a rotating sphere, revealing phase transitions akin to Bose-Einstein condensation with implications for fluid dynamics and statistical mechanics.

Contribution

It introduces an exactly solvable model for coupled fluid-sphere systems that captures phase transitions and condensation phenomena beyond mean-field approximations.

Findings

Exact solutions for phase transitions in coupled flow-sphere systems.

Identification of angular momentum as the main order parameter.

Partition function valid for all positive and negative temperatures.

Abstract

Exact solutions of a family of Heisenberg-Ising spin-lattice models for a coupled barotropic flow - massive rotating sphere system under microcanonical constraint on relative enstrophy is obtained by the method of spherical constraint. Phase transitions representative of Bose-Einstein condensation in which highly ordered super and sub-rotating states self-organize from random initial vorticity states are calculated exactly and related to three key parameters - spin of sphere, kinetic energy of the barotropic flow which is specified by the inverse temperature and amount of relative enstrophy which is held fixed. Angular momentum of the barotropic fluid relative to the rotating frame of the infinitely massive sphere is the main order parameter in this statistical mechanics problem $-$ it is not constrained either canonically nor microcanonically as coupling between the fluid and the rotating sphere by a complex torque is responsible for its change. This coupling and exchange of angular momentum is a necessary condition for condensation in this spin-lattice system. There is no low temperature defects in this model - the partition function is calculated in closed form for all positive and negative temperatures. Also note-worthy is the fact that this statistical equilibrium model is not a mean field model and can be extended to treat fluctuations if required in more complex coupled flows.