Clustering of heavy particles in the inertial range of turbulence

TL;DR

This paper develops a statistical model for heavy particle distribution in turbulent flows, revealing they do not form fractal clusters but instead distribute inhomogeneously based on local Stokes number, with clustering decreasing as fluid roughness increases.

Contribution

It introduces a new statistical description of heavy particles in rough turbulence, highlighting the inhomogeneous distribution and the impact of fluid roughness on clustering behavior.

Findings

Particles do not form fractal clusters in rough turbulence.

Inhomogeneous particle distribution depends on local Stokes number.

Clustering decreases with increased fluid roughness.

Abstract

A statistical description of heavy particles suspended in incompressible rough self-similar flows is developed. It is shown that, differently from smooth flows, particles do not form fractal clusters. They rather distribute inhomogeneously with a statistics that only depends on a local Stokes number, given by the ratio between the particles' response time and the turnover time associated to the observation scale. Particle clustering is reduced when increasing the fluid roughness. Heuristic arguments supported by numerics are used to explain this effect in terms of the algebraic tails of the probability density function of the velocity difference between two particles. These tails are a signature of events during which particle couples approach each other very closely.