Types and Forms of Emergence

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive taxonomy of emergence types in Multi-Agent Systems, ranging from simple intentional emergence to complex strong emergence, aiding understanding of complex systems in science and engineering.

Contribution

It introduces a universal classification framework for various emergence types in Multi-Agent Systems, covering simple to complex forms.

Findings

Defines a taxonomy of emergence types

Classifies emergence in Multi-Agent Systems

Highlights applications in science and engineering

Abstract

The knowledge of the different types of emergence is essential if we want to understand and master complex systems in science and engineering, respectively. This paper specifies a universal taxonomy and comprehensive classification of the major types and forms of emergence in Multi-Agent Systems, from simple types of intentional and predictable emergence in machines to more complex forms of weak, multiple and strong emergence.