Galois theory for Hopf algebroids

TL;DR

This paper develops a Galois theory framework for Hopf algebroids, establishing conditions under which algebra extensions are Galois, and extends classical results to this broader setting with new criteria and equivalences.

Contribution

It introduces a Galois theory for Hopf algebroids, proving equivalences of Galois conditions and extending classical Hopf algebra results to this more general context.

Findings

H_R-extensions are also H_L-extensions in Hopf algebroids

Bijective antipode implies H_R-Galois and H_L-Galois notions coincide

Galois extensions are projective and canonical map surjectivity implies Galois property

Abstract

An extension B\subset A of algebras over a commutative ring k is an H-extension for an L-bialgebroid H if A is an H-comodule algebra and B is the subalgebra of its coinvariants. It is H-Galois if the canonical map A\otimes_B A\to A\otimes_L H is an isomorphism or, equivalently, if the canonical coring (A\otimes_L H:A) is a Galois coring. In the case of a Hopf algebroid H=(H_L,H_R,S) any H_R-extension is shown to be also an H_L-extension. If the antipode is bijective then also the notions of H_R-Galois extensions and of H_L-Galois extensions are proven to coincide. Results about bijective entwining structures are extended to entwining structures over non-commutative algebras in order to prove a Kreimer-Takeuchi type theorem for a finitely generated projective Hopf algebroid H with bijective antipode. It states that any H-Galois extension B\subset A is projective, and if A is k-flat then already the surjectivity of the canonical map implies the Galois property. The Morita theory, developed for corings by Caenepeel, Vercruysse and Wang, is applied to obtain equivalent criteria for the Galois property of Hopf algebroid extensions. This leads to Hopf algebroid analogues of results for Hopf algebra extensions by Doi and, in the case of Frobenius Hopf algebroids, by Cohen, Fishman and Montgomery.