Explicit mean-field radius for nearly parallel vortex filaments in statistical equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper derives an explicit mean-field radius formula for nearly parallel vortex filaments in statistical equilibrium, revealing differences from 2D models and confirming results with Monte Carlo simulations.

Contribution

It provides the first explicit free-energy functional and mean square vortex radius formula for a non-2D vortex filament model in statistical equilibrium.

Findings

Explicit formula for mean square vortex radius $R^2$ derived.

Qualitative differences from 2D vortex models demonstrated.

Monte Carlo simulations confirm the model's asymptotic assumptions.

Abstract

Geophysical research has focused on flows, such as ocean currents, as two dimensional. Two dimensional point or blob vortex models have the advantage of having a Hamiltonian, whereas 3D vortex filament or tube systems do not necessarily have one, although they do have action functionals. On the other hand, certain classes of 3D vortex models called nearly parallel vortex filament models do have a Hamiltonian and are more accurate descriptions of geophysical and atmospheric flows than purely 2D models, especially at smaller scales. In these ``quasi-2D'' models we replace 2D point vortices with vortex filaments that are very straight and nearly parallel but have Brownian variations along their lengths due to local self-induction. When very straight, quasi-2D filaments are expected to have virtually the same planar density distributions as 2D models. An open problem is when quasi-2D model statistics behave differently than those of the related 2D system and how this difference is manifested. In this paper we study the nearly parallel vortex filament model of Klein, Majda, Damodaran in statistical equilibrium. We are able to obtain a free-energy functional for the system in a non-extensive thermodynamic limit that is a function of the mean square vortex position $R^2$ and solve \emph{explicitly} for $R^2$. Such an explicit formula has never been obtained for a non-2D model. We compare the results of our formula to a 2-D formula of \cite{Lim:2005} and show qualitatively different behavior even when we disallow vortex braiding. We further confirm our results using Path Integral Monte Carlo (Ceperley (1995)) \emph{without} permutations and that the Klein, Majda, Damodaran model's asymptotic assumptions \emph{are valid} for parameters where these deviations occur.