On the infimum of the energy-momentum spectrum of a homogeneous Bose gas

TL;DR

This paper explores the energy-momentum spectrum of a homogeneous Bose gas, reviewing known results, conjectures, and proposing a rigorous bound using squeezed states that may aid in understanding excitations.

Contribution

It introduces a rigorous upper bound on the energy infimum for fixed momentum using squeezed states, offering a new perspective on the Bogoliubov method.

Findings

The upper bound suggests a non-physical energy gap.

Squeezed states can be used as a variational approach for excitation spectrum.

The method may improve perturbative calculations over traditional c-number substitution.

Abstract

We consider second quantized homogeneous Bose gas in a large cubic box with periodic boundary conditions, at zero temperature. We discuss the energy-momentum spectrum of the Bose gas and its physical significance. We review various rigorous and heuristic results as well as open conjectures about its properties. Our main aim is to convince the readers, including those with mainly mathematical background, that this subject has many interesting problems for rigorous research. In particular, we investigate the upper bound on the infimum of the energy for a fixed total momentum $\kk$ given by the expectation value of one-particle excitations over a squeezed states. This bound can be viewed as a rigorous version of the famous Bogoliubov method. We show that this approach seems to lead to a (non-physical) energy gap. The variational problem involving squeezed states can serve as the preparatory step in a perturbative approach that should be useful in computing excitation spectrum. This version of a perturbative approach to the Bose gas seems (at least in principle) superior to the commonly used approach based on the $c$-number substitution.