Insights into the superdiffusive dynamics through collision statistics in periodic Lorentz gas and Sinai billiard

TL;DR

This paper investigates the superdiffusive behavior in periodic Lorentz gas and Sinai billiard systems, revealing universal and geometry-dependent regimes through collision statistics and diffusion exponents.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of collision distributions and diffusion regimes, highlighting the role of long-range jumps and memory effects in superdiffusive dynamics.

Findings

Universal superdiffusion with z=1.5 in infinite horizon systems

Transition to normal diffusion with z=2 in finite horizon systems

Long-distance jumps and memory effects drive superdiffusive behavior

Abstract

We report on the stationary dynamics in classical Sinai billiard (SB) corresponding to the unit cell of the periodic Lorentz gas (LG) formed by square lattice of length $L$ and dispersing circles of radius $R$ placed in the center of unit cell. Dynamic correlation effects for classical particles, initially distributed by random way, are considered within the scope of deterministic and stochastic descriptions. A temporal analysis of elastic reflections from the SB square walls and circle obstacles is given for distinct geometries in terms of the wall-collision and the circle-collision distributions. Late-time steady dynamic regimes are explicit in the diffusion exponent $z(R)$, which plays a role of the order-disorder crossover dynamical parameter. The ballistic ($z_{0}=1$) ordered motion in the square lattice (R=0) switches to the superdiffusion regime with $z_{1}=1.5$, which is geometry-independent when $R<L\sqrt{2}/4$. This observed universal dynamics is shown to arise from long-distance particle jumps along the diagonal and nondiagonal Bleher corridors in the LG with the infinite horizon geometry. In the corresponding SB, this universal regime is caused by the long-time wall-collision memory effects attributed to the bouncing-ball orbits. The crossover nonuniversal behavior with $1.5<z<2$ is due to geometry with $L\sqrt{2}/4\leq R<L/2$, when only the nondiagonal corridors remain open. All the free-motion corridors are closed in LG with finite horizon ($R\geq L/2$) and the interplay between square and circle geometries results in the chaotic dynamics ensured by the normal Brownian diffusion ($z_{2}=2$) and by the normal Gaussian distribution of collisions.