Schr\"{o}dinger operators on lattices. The Efimov effect and discrete spectrum asymptotics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spectral properties of three-particle Schrödinger operators on a three-dimensional lattice, proving the existence of infinitely many eigenvalues and deriving asymptotic formulas related to the Efimov effect.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of a unique positive eigenvalue for two-particle operators under zero-energy resonance and characterizes the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues for the three-particle system on a lattice.

Findings

Existence of a unique positive eigenvalue for two-particle operators when zero-energy resonance occurs.

Infinitely many eigenvalues of the three-particle Hamiltonian at zero quasi-momentum.

Asymptotic behavior of the number of eigenvalues below zero for small nonzero quasi-momentum.

Abstract

The Hamiltonian of a system of three quantum mechanical particles moving on the three-dimensional lattice $\Z^3$ and interacting via zero-range attractive potentials is considered. For the two-particle energy operator $h(k),$ with $k\in \T^3=(-\pi,\pi]^3$ the two-particle quasi-momentum, the existence of a unique positive eigenvalue below the bottom of the continuous spectrum of $h(k)$ for $k\neq0$ is proven, provided that $h(0)$ has a zero energy resonance. The location of the essential and discrete spectra of the three-particle discrete Schr\"{o}dinger operator $H(K), K\in \T^3$ being the three-particle quasi-momentum, is studied. The existence of infinitely many eigenvalues of H(0) is proven. It is found that for the number $N(0,z)$ of eigenvalues of H(0) lying below $z<0$ the following limit exists $$ \lim_{z\to 0-} \frac {N(0,z)}{\mid \log\mid z\mid\mid}=\cU_0 $$ with $\cU_0>0$. Moreover, for all sufficiently small nonzero values of the three-particle quasi-momentum $K$ the finiteness of the number $ N(K,\tau_{ess}(K))$ of eigenvalues of $H(K)$ below the essential spectrum is established and the asymptotics for the number $N(K,0)$ of eigenvalues lying below zero is given.