Geometric Phase and Modulo Relations for Probability Amplitudes as Functions on Complex Parameter Spaces

TL;DR

This paper explores the differential relations between phase and modulus of quantum probability amplitudes on complex parameter spaces, revealing new geometric and reconstructive properties linked to Berry connections and the Fubini-Study metric.

Contribution

It introduces generalized Cauchy-Riemann conditions for amplitude functions on complex bundles, enabling phase reconstruction from modulus and establishing links with geometric phases.

Findings

Derived invertible relations between phase and modulus gradients.

Established a novel connection between amplitude modulus and phase gradient.

Linked the amplitude behavior to geometric phases and Fubini-Study metric.

Abstract

We investigate general differential relations connecting the respective behavior s of the phase and modulo of probability amplitudes of the form $\amp{\psi_f}{\psi}$, where $\ket{\psi_f}$ is a fixed state in Hilbert space and $\ket{\psi}$ is a section of a holomorphic line bundle over some complex parameter space. Amplitude functions on such bundles, while not strictly holomorphic, nevertheless satisfy generalized Cauchy-Riemann conditions involving the U(1) Berry-Simon connection on the parameter space. These conditions entail invertible relations between the gradients of the phase and modulo, therefore allowing for the reconstruction of the phase from the modulo (or vice-versa) and other conditions on the behavior of either polar component of the amplitude. As a special case, we consider amplitude functions valued on the space of pure states, the ray space ${\cal R} = {\mathbb C}P^n$, where transition probabilities have a geometric interpretation in terms of geodesic distances as measured with the Fubini-Study metric. In conjunction with the generalized Cauchy-Riemann conditions, this geodesic interpretation leads to additional relations, in particular a novel connection between the modulus of the amplitude and the phase gradient, somewhat reminiscent of the WKB formula. Finally, a connection with geometric phases is established.