Matrix strings from generalized Yang-Mills theory on arbitrary Riemann surfaces

TL;DR

This paper develops a generalized Yang-Mills theory on arbitrary Riemann surfaces, leading to a free string theory with twisted sectors, and computes related partition functions and kernels.

Contribution

It introduces a modified 2D Yang-Mills framework that incorporates curvature coupling, enabling the inclusion of twisted sectors and a string-theoretic interpretation.

Findings

Partition function computed for arbitrary Riemann surfaces.

String interpretation as sum over unbranched coverings.

Equivalence to a lattice gauge theory with semi-direct product group.

Abstract

We quantize pure 2d Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary Riemann surface in the gauge where the field strength is diagonal. Twisted sectors originate, as in Matrix string theory, from permutations of the eigenvalues around homotopically non-trivial loops. These sectors, that must be discarded in the usual quantization due to divergences occurring when two eigenvalues coincide, can be consistently kept if one modifies the action by introducing a coupling of the field strength to the space-time curvature. This leads to a generalized Yang-Mills theory whose action reduces to the usual one in the limit of zero curvature. After integrating over the non-diagonal components of the gauge fields, the theory becomes a free string theory (sum over unbranched coverings) with a U(1) gauge theory on the world-sheet. This is shown to be equivalent to a lattice theory with a gauge group which is the semi-direct product of S_N and U(1)^N. By using well known results on the statistics of coverings, the partition function on arbitrary Riemann surfaces and the kernel functions on surfaces with boundaries are calculated. Extensions to include branch points and non-abelian groups on the world-sheet are briefly commented upon.