Hawking Radiation in String Theory and the String Phase of Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum string emission from black holes using a thermodynamical model, revealing a transition from Hawking radiation to a string-dominated phase near the string temperature, and mapping classical and quantum regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a framework combining QFT and string theory to analyze black hole emission, identifying a string phase transition and a duality linking classical and quantum black hole regimes.

Findings

QFT Hawking temperature is bounded by the string temperature.

Emission spectrum transitions to string-dominated near T_S.

Existence of a minimal black hole with a finite lifetime.

Abstract

The quantum string emission by Black Holes is computed in the framework of the `string analogue model' (or thermodynamical approach), which is well suited to combine QFT and string theory in curved backgrounds (particulary here, as black holes and strings posses intrinsic thermal features and temperatures). The QFT-Hawking temperature T_H is upper bounded by the string temperature T_S in the black hole background. The black hole emission spectrum is an incomplete gamma function of (T_H - T_S). For T_H << T_S, it yields the QFT-Hawking emission. For T_H \to T_S, it shows highly massive string states dominate the emission and undergo a typical string phase transition to a microscopic `minimal' black hole of mass M_{\min} or radius r_{\min} (inversely proportional to T_S) and string temperature T_S. The semiclassical QFT black hole (of mass M and temperature T_H) and the string black hole (of mass M_{min} and temperature T_S) are mapped one into another by a `Dual' transform which links classical/QFT and quantum string regimes. The string back reaction effect (selfconsistent black hole solution of the semiclassical Einstein equations with mass M_+ (radius r_+) and temperature T_+) is computed. Both, the QFT and string black hole regimes are well defined and bounded: r_{min} leq r_+ \leq r_S, M_{min} \leq M_+ \leq M, T_H \leq T_+ \leq T_S. The string `minimal' black hole has a life time tau_{min} \simeq \frac{k_B c}{G \hbar} T^{-3}_S.