A Universal Lagrangian for Massive Yang-Mills Theories without Higgs Bosons

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal Lagrangian framework for four-dimensional massive Yang-Mills theories without Higgs bosons, unifying several models and enabling the creation of new theories through a continuous parameter.

Contribution

It presents a universal Lagrangian parametrized by a constant k, encompassing known models and enabling the construction of new massive Yang-Mills theories without Higgs fields.

Findings

Lagrangian reduces to topologically massive Yang-Mills at k=0.

Lagrangian reduces to Freedman-Townsend model at k=1.

New theories are generated for other real values of k.

Abstract

A universal Lagrangian that defines various four-dimensional massive Yang-Mills theories without Higgs bosons is presented. Each of the theories is characterized by a constant k contained in the Lagrangian. For k=0, the Lagrangian reduces to one defining the topologically massive Yang-Mills theory, and for k=1, the Lagrangian reduces to one defining the Freedman-Townsend model. New massive Yang-Mills theories are obtained by choosing k to be real numbers other than 0 and 1.