The Operator Manifold Formalism. II. Physical Applications

TL;DR

This paper applies the operator manifold formalism to derive fundamental particle relations, predict flavor mixing, CP-violation, and particle mass spectra within a unified electroweak framework, offering new insights into particle physics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of the operator manifold approach to derive particle properties and interactions, including flavor mixing and mass relations, with minimal free parameters.

Findings

Derivation of the Gell-Mann-Nishijima relation and flavor group.

Prediction of Kobayashi-Maskawa quark flavor mixing and CP-violation phase.

Derivation of lepton and quark mass spectra and relations.

Abstract

Within the operator manifold approach (part I, hep-th/9812181) we derive the Gell-Mann-Nishijima relation and flavour group, whereas the leptons are particles with integer electric and leptonic charges and free of confinement, while quarks carry fractional electric and baryonic charges and imply the confinement. We consider the unified electroweak interactions with small number of free parameters, exploit the background of the local expanded symmetry $SU(2)\otimes U(1)$ and P-violation. The Weinberg mixing angle is shown to have fixed value at $30^{o}$. The Higgs bosons arise on an analogy of the Cooper pairs in superconductivity. Within the present microscopic approach we predict the Kobayashi-Maskawa quark flavour mixing; the appearance of the CP-violation phase; derive the mass-spectrum of leptons and quarks, as well as other emerging particles, and also some useful relations between their masses.