Dynamical Generation of the Primordial Magnetic Field by Ferromagnetic Domain Walls

TL;DR

This paper proposes a mechanism where ferromagnetic domain walls generated during the electroweak phase transition produce primordial magnetic fields and could be sources of gamma-ray bursts, linking early universe physics to observable phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model of ferromagnetic domain walls in QED_3 that generate strong magnetic fields and could explain primordial magnetism and gamma-ray bursts.

Findings

Generation of magnetic field ~10^{24} Gauss at electroweak scale

Domain walls have vanishing effective surface energy density

Potential to produce gamma-ray bursts with energy ~10^{52} erg

Abstract

The spontaneous generation of uniform magnetic condensate in $QED_3$ gives rise to ferromagnetic domain walls at the electroweak phase transition. These ferromagnetic domain walls are caracterized by vanishing effective surface energy density avoiding, thus, the domain wall problem. Moreover we find that the domain walls generate a magnetic field $B \simeq 10^{24} Gauss$ at the electroweak scale which account for the seed field in the so called dynamo mechanism for the cosmological primordial magnetic field. We find that the annihilation processes of walls with size $R \simeq 10^5 Km$ could release an energy of order $10^{52} erg$ indicating the invisible ferromagnetic walls as possible compact sources of Gamma Ray Bursts.