Blue Spectra of Kalb-Ramond Axions and Fully Anisotropic String Cosmologies

TL;DR

This paper investigates how anisotropic string cosmologies can alter the spectral behavior of Kalb-Ramond axions, showing that anisotropy can produce blue spectra, contrasting with the red spectra in isotropic models.

Contribution

It demonstrates that fully anisotropic four-dimensional string cosmological models can produce blue axion spectra, challenging previous results based on isotropic backgrounds.

Findings

Anisotropic models yield blue spectra for axions.

Isotropization may occur due to string tension corrections.

Red spectra are typical in isotropic string cosmologies.

Abstract

The inhomogeneities associated with massless Kalb-Ramond axions can be amplified not only in isotropic (four-dimensional) string cosmological models but also in the fully anisotropic case. If the background geometry is isotropic, the axions (which are not part of the homogeneous background) develop, outside the horizon, growing modes leading, ultimately, to logarithmic energy spectra which are "red" in frequency and increase at large distance scales. We show that this conclusion can be evaded not only in the case of higher dimensional backgrounds with contracting internal dimensions but also in the case of string cosmological scenarios which are completely anisotropic in four dimensions. In this case the logarithmic energy spectra turn out to be "blue" in frequency and, consequently, decreasing at large distance scales. We elaborate on anisotropic dilaton-driven models and we argue that, incidentally, the background models leading to (or flat) logarithmic energy spectra for axionic fluctuations are likely to be isotropized by the effect of string tension corrections.