A topological mechanism of discretization for the electric charge

TL;DR

This paper proposes a topological mechanism explaining the quantization of electric charge, deriving its value from Maxwell equations and scalar fields, suggesting a fundamental link between topology and charge discretization.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological approach to charge discretization, connecting Maxwell equations with scalar fields to explain the fundamental electric charge value.

Findings

Electric charge value derived from topological properties.

Maxwell equations linked to scalar fields with level curves as field lines.

Charge quantization explained through topological invariants.

Abstract

We present a topological mechanism of discretization, which gives for the fundamental electric charge a value equal to the square root of the Planck constant times the velocity of light, which is about 3.3 times the electron charge. Its basis is the following recently proved property of the standard linear classical Maxwell equations: they can be obtained by change of variables from an underlying topological theory, using two complex scalar fields, the level curves of which coincide with the magnetic and the electric lines, respectively.