Non-Perturbative Heterotic D=6,4 Orbifold Vacua

TL;DR

This paper explores non-perturbative effects in heterotic string orbifold vacua, revealing how they can lead to consistent models with modified mass spectra and non-trivial fluxes, extending to four-dimensional cases with chiral generation changes.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for understanding non-perturbative effects in heterotic orbifold compactifications, including flux shifts and five-brane contributions, expanding the landscape of consistent string vacua.

Findings

Non-perturbative effects modify the massless spectrum.

Five-branes induce Coulomb phases with tensor multiplets.

Chiral generation numbers can change via non-perturbative transitions.

Abstract

We consider D=6, N=1, Z_M orbifold compactifications of heterotic strings in which the usual modular invariance constraints are violated. It is argued that in the presence of non-perturbative effects many of these vacua are nevertheless consistent. The perturbative massless sector can be computed explicitly from the perturbative mass formula subject to an extra shift in the vacuum energy. This shift is associated to a non-trivial antisymmetric B-field flux at the orbifold fixed points. The non-perturbative piece is given by five-branes either moving in the bulk or stuck at the fixed points, giving rise to Coulomb phases with tensor multiplets. The heterotic duals of some Type IIB orientifolds belong to this class of orbifold models. We also discuss how to carry out this type of construction to the D=4, N=1 case and specific $Z_M\times Z_M$ examples are presented in which non-perturbative transitions changing the number of chiral generations do occur.