Superstring dominated early universe and epoch dependent gauge coupling

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a universe dominated by heterotic strings in its early stages affects the gauge coupling constant, revealing it was much stronger in the past and varies with cosmic epoch.

Contribution

It introduces a model where heterotic string dominance influences the evolution of gauge coupling constants over different cosmic epochs.

Findings

$G$ varies from $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-4}$ during universe evolution.

The gauge coupling was significantly stronger in the early universe.

Epoch-dependent gauge coupling impacts early universe physics.

Abstract

We have explored the possibility that the universe at very early stage was dominated by (macroscopic) heterotic strings. We have found that the dimensionless parameter $G\mu$ for the heterotic strings varies from $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-4}$ as the universe evolve from the matter dominance to radiation dominance. This led to the interesting consequence of epoch dependent gauge coupling constant. The gauge coupling constant at early times was found to be much stronger than the present strong interaction.