Small Q balls

TL;DR

This paper develops a new description for small-charge Q-balls, extending understanding beyond the thin-wall approximation and exploring their stability and parameter limits.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for analyzing small-charge Q-balls where traditional approximations fail, and discusses the limits of semiclassical methods.

Findings

No classical lower charge limit for stable Q-balls.

Parameters of small-charge Q-balls are characterized.

Semiclassical approximation applicability limits are discussed.

Abstract

We develop an adequate description of non-topological solitons with a small charge, for which the thin-wall approximation is not valid. There is no classical lower limit on the charge of a stable Q-ball. We examine the parameters of these small-charge solitons and discuss the limits of applicability of the semiclassical approximation.