
TL;DR
This paper develops a new description for small-charge Q-balls, extending understanding beyond the thin-wall approximation and exploring their stability and parameter limits.
Contribution
It introduces a framework for analyzing small-charge Q-balls where traditional approximations fail, and discusses the limits of semiclassical methods.
Findings
No classical lower charge limit for stable Q-balls.
Parameters of small-charge Q-balls are characterized.
Semiclassical approximation applicability limits are discussed.
Abstract
We develop an adequate description of non-topological solitons with a small charge, for which the thin-wall approximation is not valid. There is no classical lower limit on the charge of a stable Q-ball. We examine the parameters of these small-charge solitons and discuss the limits of applicability of the semiclassical approximation.
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