Wavy Strings: Black or Bright?

TL;DR

This paper investigates oscillating black objects with wave-like hair, demonstrating that such waves are undetectable by scalar invariants but can cause divergent tidal forces at the horizon, with some modes maintaining regular horizons.

Contribution

It provides a geometric theorem showing wave hair cannot be detected by scalar invariants and analyzes tidal forces for different wave modes on black strings.

Findings

Scalar invariants do not detect wavy hair.

Tidal forces diverge for modes with l ≥ 1 at the horizon.

Certain longitudinal waves have regular, smooth horizons.

Abstract

Recent developments in string theory have brought forth a considerable interest in time-dependent hair on extended objects. This novel new hair is typically characterized by a wave profile along the horizon and angular momentum quantum numbers $l,m$ in the transverse space. In this work, we present an extensive treatment of such oscillating black objects, focusing on their geometric properties. We first give a theorem of purely geometric nature, stating that such wavy hair cannot be detected by any scalar invariant built out of the curvature and/or matter fields. However, we show that the tidal forces detected by an infalling observer diverge at the `horizon' of a black string superposed with a vibration in any mode with $l \ge 1$. The same argument applied to longitudinal ($l=0$) waves detects only finite tidal forces. We also provide an example with a manifestly smooth metric, proving that at least a certain class of these longitudinal waves have regular horizons.