Gauge invariance and mass gap in (2+1)-dimensional Yang-Mills theory

TL;DR

This paper explores how a mass gap can emerge in (2+1)-dimensional Yang-Mills theories using a gauge-invariant matrix parametrization, providing insights into non-Abelian gauge dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a gauge-invariant matrix approach to analyze mass gap formation in (2+1)-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories, offering a novel perspective.

Findings

Mass gap can arise through gauge-invariant mechanisms.

Matrix parametrization clarifies non-Abelian gauge dynamics.

Provides a framework for understanding confinement in lower dimensions.

Abstract

In terms of a gauge-invariant matrix parametrization of the fields, we give an analysis of how the mass gap could arise in non-Abelian gauge theories in two spatial dimensions.