Vacuum Stability for Dirac Fermions in Three Dimensions
Paolo Cea
TL;DR
This paper examines the vacuum stability of Dirac fermions in three-dimensional gauge theories, finding that magnetic condensate states are energetically favorable only in 3D QED with massive fermions.
Contribution
It introduces a variational approach to evaluate vacuum energy and identifies conditions under which magnetic condensates lower the energy in 3D gauge theories.
Findings
Magnetic condensates are energetically favorable only in 3D QED with massive fermions.
The variational method effectively evaluates vacuum energy in gauge theories.
Vacuum stability depends on the fermion mass and gauge group.
Abstract
I investigate three dimensional abelian and non-abelian gauge theories interacting with Dirac fermions. Using a variational method I evaluate the vacuum energy density in the one-loop approximation. It turns out that the states with a constant magnetic condensate lie below the perturbative ground state only in the case of three dimensional quantum electrodynamics with massive fermions.
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