Massive Quantum Vortex Excitations in a Pure Gauge Abelian Theory in 2+1D

TL;DR

This paper introduces a 2+1D pure gauge abelian theory with massive quantum vortex states, mapping it to a 3D particle gas, and draws parallels to the Sine-Gordon model, revealing symmetry breaking phenomena.

Contribution

It presents a novel 2+1D abelian gauge theory with massive vortices and establishes its equivalence to a 3D particle gas, extending the understanding of vortex excitations.

Findings

Existence of massive quantum vortex states in the spectrum.

Mapping to a three-dimensional gas of point particles with logarithmic interactions.

Identification of a symmetry breaking order parameter similar to a Higgs field.

Abstract

We introduce and study a pure gauge abelian theory in 2+1D in which massive quantum vortex states do exist in the spectrum of excitations. This theory can be mapped in a three dimensional gas of point particles with a logarithmic interaction, in the grand-canonical ensemble. We claim that this theory is the 2+1D analog of the Sine-Gordon, the massive vortices being the counterparts of Sine-Gordon solitons. We show that a symmetry breaking, order parameter, similar to the vacuum expectation value of a Higgs field does exist.